Sunday, February 8, 2009

Why We Are Concerned About Lafarge

We are concerned about the toxic emissions of the Lafarge cement plant in Ravena, NY and the impact they may be having on the health and welfare of our communities. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ranked the Ravena plant as the 4th worst mercury polluter in the nation in 2007. In 2006, Lafarge emitted over 400 lbs of mercury and produced 22 tons of lead.

Approximately 2,300 children attend school each day within a 4-mile radius of the smokestack -- over 1,250 of whom spend their days immediately across the street from the Lafarge plant, at the R-C-S Middle and High schools. We are concerned about not only mercury, but also lead, other heavy metals, carcinogens, particulate matter and other harmful substances being emitted by Lafarge. No one seems to know what else is coming out of the smoke stack or who it is affecting. The only thing we do know is that nothing coming out of the stack is benign.

As members of the community, we are keenly aware of the important economic role of Lafarge in our town. It is not our goal to see the plant shut down or for people to lose their jobs. Rather, we seek to understand the impact of heavy industrialization on the health and welfare of our families and children and to secure a safe future for us all.

As such, we would like to know precisely what is being emitted from the Lafarge cement plant, in what quantities, where this pollution is settling, the health impacts of these emissions as well as who is being affected. We seek clear, comprehensive and definitive data rather than estimates, projections, and assumptions. Until it can be confirmed that these emissions have not and will not harm our children and our families, we intend to diligently search for these answers.


"For my children, their children, their children's children, and for all children -- they depend on us to ask why and act on the answers, however difficult."

What We Do Know: Lafarge Emissions Data 2006, Ravena, NY - EPA Toxic Release Inventory

Ammonia: 130,000 lbs
Exposure to high levels of ammonia in air may be irritating to your skin, eyes, throat, and lungs and cause coughing and burns. Lung damage and death may occur after exposure to very
high concentrations of ammonia. Some people with asthma may be more sensitive to breathing ammonia than others. It has not yet been determined if exposure to ammonia causes birth defects, or if it can pass to the fetus across the placenta or to infants via breast milk. EPA has not classified ammonia for carcinogenicity.

Dioxins (including Furans): .92 grams
Dioxins are known to be a developmental toxicant in animals, causing skeletal deformities, kidney defects, and weakened immune responses in the offspring of animals exposed to dioxins during pregnancy. Human studies have shown an association between dioxins and soft-tissue sarcomas, lymphomas, and stomach carcinomas. Fetuses, infants and children may be especially sensitive to dioxin exposure because of their rapid growth and development. Dioxins are stable chemicals and can last for many years in the environment. When released into the air, they usually settle out locally. EPA has classified dioxins as a probable human carcinogen.

Hydrochloric Acid: 120,000 lbs
Hydrochloric acid is irritating and corrosive to the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. Short-term inhalation exposure may cause eye, nose, and respiratory tract irritation and inflammation and pulmonary edema in humans. Long-term exposure to hydrochloric acid has been reported to cause gastritis, chronic bronchitis and dermatitis. Children are more vulnerable because of small airways. EPA has not classified hydrochloric acid for carcinogenicity.

Lead: 44,620 lbs*
Lead is poisonous. Lead exposure can result in severe neurological problems, kidney damage, heart disease, headaches, seizures, and a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. New research has also shown alarming links between lead poisoning and violent behavior.

Mercury: 414 lbs
Mercury is a dangerous neurotoxin. Everyone is at risk, but young children and developing fetus' can suffer the greatest harm. Mercury in a mother's blood can pass to the fetus and may result in severe neurological problems including birth defects, loss of IQ, learning disabilities, and other developmental problems. Mercury has been associated with myriad gastrointestinal and autoimmune problems. Prolonged exposure to high levels of mercury can cause permanent brain or kidney damage. The EPA has also identified mercuric chloride and methylmercury as carcinogens.

Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds (PAC's): 170 lbs
Cancer is the major concern from exposure to PAC’s. Epidemiologic studies have reported an increase in lung cancer in humans exposed to mixtures containing PAC’s. Animal studies have reported respiratory tract tumors from inhalation exposure to PAC’s. EPA has classified seven PAC’s as probable human carcinogens.

* 44,000 lbs on-site landfill; 620 lbs air emissions.

Tuesday, February 3, 2009

Dr. Ward Stone: Mercury in Ravena on "In Our Backyard"

On January 19th, Dr. Ward Stone, the NYS Department of Environmental Conservation Wildlife Pathologist, spoke about the LaFarge/mercury issue on his WAMC radio show, "In Our Backyard." Ward expresses his concerns as well as stresses how important it is folks really start focusing on this issue and doing some real studies. You can access the archived show here:

http://www.publicbroadcasting.net/wamc/news.newsmain?action=article&ARTICLE_ID=1456636&sectionID=665

The clip begins around minute 10, but if you have a little time, take a listen to the entire show -- it's very good! You can catch Dr. Stone every Monday evening at 8:30pm and Saturday afternoon at 1:30pm, so please tune in to WAMC 90.3FM.

Elemental Mercury & Lafarge Voluntary Report for 2008

On Dec. 30, 2008 Lafarge submitted a report to the NYS DEC on mercury emissions from the cement plant in Ravena.

Samples were taken and total mercury emissions for 2008 were estimated from them. The sampling protocol included 30 days of mercury mass balance data and 3 stack tests.

Using mass balance techniques, they calculated that the 2008 annual emission rate from the Ravena cement kilns was 157.2 pounds (160.47 via stack testing). This figure is based on the kilns operating at 72% capacity. The report states that normal annual capacity for the plant is usually 85%.

Notably, the report claims the type of mercury emitted by Lafarge in Ravena as 98.7% elemental mercury. This type of mercury is "markedly different" from the type of mercury normally associated with emissions from cement kilns.

Health Effects of Elemental Mercury (According to the World Health Orgainzation)

According to the World Health Organization, the main route of exposure to elemental mercury is by inhalation, and 80% of inhaled elemental mercury is absorbed through the lungs.

Elemental mercury is lipid soluable so it easily distributes throughout the body and readily penetrates biological membranes, including the blood-brain barrier. Metabolism of mercury compounds to other forms of mercury can occur within the tissues of the body.

Elemental mercury has the ability to readily cross the placental barrier. Thus, the developing fetus can be exposed to mercury from the pregnant woman’s body through the placenta.

Mercury is the second-most toxic substance known to human biology after plutonium. Specific neurotoxic symptoms include tremors, emotional lability, insomnia, memory loss, neuromuscular changes, headaches, polyneuopathy, and performance deficits in tests of cognitive and motor function.

Conclusion

CASE believes, and it appears the World Health Organization would also agree, that inhaling elemental mercury is still a serious concern with potentially serious health effects. Further, the Lafarge report does not offer any information on the types of mercury emitted by Lafarge during previous years. Nor does it include any information on any other toxic or potentially hazardous substances such as dioxins, furans, lead, or other heavy metals that may be emitted from the plant.

Dangerous levels of mercury can be measured in fractions of a teaspoon. 157 lbs is better than 400 lbs, but this is still a frightening amount that we believe remains a threat to the health and welfare of the residents of this community. Indeed, it is 157 lbs too much for our kids to bear.

Mercury and Autism

A study conducted by the University of Texas, San Antonio concluded that for every 1,ooo lbs of environmentally released mercury, there was a 43% increase in the rate of special education services and a 61% increase in the rate of autism. A second study conducted in 2008 by the Unviersity of Texas showed a statistically significant link between pounds of industrial release of mercury and increased autism rates. It also showed -- for the first time in scientific literature -- a statistically significant association between autism risk and distance from the mercury source. It found that community autism prevalence is reduced by 1-2% with each 10 miles of distance from the pollution source.

A similar study done in conjunction with the California State Department of Health Services studied the association between autism and heavy metals including mercury. They found a 50% increase in autism in areas with high levels of environmental exposure to chlorinated solvents and heavy metals - particularly mercury, cadmium and nickel.

According to the EPA, the Lafarge Cement Plant in Ravena, NY emitted an average of 380-400 lbs per year from 2003 until 2006. This totals 1520 - 1600 lbs in just four years, far exceeding the 1,000 lb level studied by the University of Texas. And this doesn't include emissions from any other years.

You can access the studies at:
http://www.safeminds.org/research/library/Palmer-et-al-Texas-Autism-Mercury-Link.pdf

http://www.ehponline.org/members/2006/9120/9120.pdf

http://images.huffingtonpost.com/2009-01-29-Palmer2008.pdf

Dangers of Mercury

Mercury is toxic. In fact, mercury is the second-most toxic substance known to human biology on the planet. The only chemical worse is plutonium. Mercury poses a significant threat to public health, the environment, and the welfare of our communities.

According to the US Center for Disease Control (CDC), prolonged exposure to high levels of mercury can cause permanent brain or kidney damage.

The EPA has also identified mercuric chloride and methylmercury as carcinogens.

Mercury is a dangerous neurotoxin. Everyone is at risk, but young children and developing fetus' can suffer the greatest harm. Mercury in a mother's blood can pass to the fetus and may result in severe neurological problems including birth defects, loss of IQ, learning disabilities, and other other developmental problems. Mercury has been associated with myriad gastrointestinal as well as autoimmune and cognitive problems.

Even low levels of mercury exposure can cause developmental problems in children.

Mercury can take many forms. These include elemental mercury (metallic), inorganic mercury (mercury combines with other elements to form "salts"), and organic mercury (mercury combines with carbon to form mercury compounds such as methylmercury). In the environment, elemental mercury can combine with chlorine, sulfur, and other elements to form inorganic compounds. Methylmercury can build up in water and soil causing them to become contaminated.

For more information, please go to
http://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/pdf/factsheet_mercury.pdf

Sunday, February 1, 2009

Facts About Lafarge Cement Plant from EPA

1. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ranked the Lafarge Cement Plant in Ravena, NY as the 4th worst mercury polluter in the nation in 2007.

2. The EPA reported in their Toxic Release Inventory that Lafarge in Ravena emitted 380-400 lbs of mercury annually between 2003 until 2006. That's over 1,500 lbs in only four years!

3. The EPA has identified mercury as a dangeorus toxin. According to the EPA website, "exposure to mercury may result in severe damage to the nervous and reproductive systems and may ultimately be fatal."

For more information see http://www.epa.gov/mercury/index.htm and http://www.epa.gov/triexplorer/

Welcome To Community Advocates for Safe Emissions (CASE)

CASE is a local group recently formed by concerned citizens in the Ravena-Coeymans-Selkirk area, as well as Columbia County. CASE is working in collaboration with Friends of Hudson, Citizens Environmental Coalition (CEC), Selkirk Coeymans Ravena Against Pollution (SCRAP), Sierra Club Atlantic Chapter, Earthjustice and several other environmental organizations.

CASE is actively pursuing the following three goals:
  • Immediate, substantial reduction in current toxic emissions levels from Lafarge. While CASE supports Lafarge’s efforts to modernize their operations with a new kiln and stack, something must be done in the meantime to mitigate harmful emissions.
  • Installation of the maximum available control technology in the proposed plant modernization that will unequivocally protect our communities from any emissions that may endanger human health.
  • Comprehensive assessment of the full range of Lafarge’s emissions and analysis of their health impacts on our communities, in particular young children and our schools.

    Click on any of the links on the upper right for additional information.

    Please feel free to contact us at:
    PO Box 291
    Ravena, NY 12143
    518-653-2467
    safe.emissions@gmail.com